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2009
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2008
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2007
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2006
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2005
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#99 Biosafety Protocol, International Trade and Agricultural Biotechnology: Policy Inferences for India by Sachin Chaturvedi and Lian Chawii
Abstract:
The growing development in and possibly greater diffusion of biotechnology products have further accentuated the intensity of trade restrictions on the entry of these goods in countries like EU, Japan and South Korea. While India initiates the various measures to implement the Biosafety protocol it is essential that specific trade policy responses are thought of on priority. This would be important for effective implementation of other Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) as well. In this context apart from other measures certain institutional initiatives need to be launched; for instance regional and sub-regional cooperation, focus on development of necessary skills for quarantine and other agencies, precautionary measures without affecting the trade facilitation measures. At the regional level, initiatives like Biosafety Clearing House and risk assessment mechanism should be effectively put in place. In order to facilitate this the policy specific scientific responses for risk assessment and risk management may also be finalised at the earliest possible.

Key Words: Biosafety, Trade, Agricultural Biotechnology and Regional Cooperation

#98

The WTO Negotiations on Industrial Tariffs: What is at Stake for Developing Countries?
by Yilmaz Akyüz
Abstract: This paper focuses on the implications of the negotiations on industrial tariffs for longer term industrialization in developing countries. It begins with a brief overview of the NAMA framework that is followed by a review of the historical experience of today’s advanced countries regarding the use of tariffs in the course of their industrialization, and compares and contrasts it with the actual situation prevailing in developing countries today and the proposals put forward. Then it discusses the sectoral pattern and evolution of tariffs that may be needed in the course of industrial development in comparison with the constraints that would result from the proposals made by developed countries, and advances a simple alternative formula that can help reconcile policy flexibility with multilateral discipline. This is followed by an evaluation of various estimates of benefits of tariff cuts to developing countries. There the paper turns to the question of reciprocity from a broad developmental perspective. It is concluded with a brief summary of the key points on how the negotiations could accommodate both the immediate needs and longer-term interests of developing countries.

#97 Non-tariff Barriers Affecting India’s Exports by Rajesh Mehta
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is first of all to highlight that Indian exports do face non-tariff barriers in major export markets especially the US, EU, Japan and other developed countries, which significantly hinder India’s exports to these markets. A second related aim is to illustrate the range of barriers, which confront Indian exporters. A third proximate goal is to suggest policy responses.
#96 Advancing the ASEAN-India Partnership in the New Millennium by Ong Keng Yong
Abstract: India has an emerging web of cooperation with East Asian countries, especially ASEAN through the ASEAN-India dialogue process, the bilateral free trade agreements with Singapore and Thailand and sub-regional initiatives such as the Mekong-Ganga cooperation and the BIMST-EC. In this discussion paper the ASEAN Secretary-General focuses on the need to develop a partnership between ASEAN and India that has the dual objectives of addressing the challenges of globalisation and working closely to reap the opportunities of the same universal phenomena. There are enough opportunities and challenges to compel ASEAN and India to work closely in maintaining peace and stability, expanding economic linkages and improving the critical human capacities. The paper also presents ten points for Advancing ASEAN-India People-to-People Partnership.
#95 The Search for Regional Architecture: The Role of ASEAN as Strange Attractor by Djisman S. Simanjuntak
Abstract: There is one other important reason for arguing that a deep comprehensive ASEAN integration is indispensable under the current network of initiatives on external relations. Using ASEAN as a “strange attractor” for an East Asian integration is unlikely to bear fruits unless ASEAN is willing to set example. Even a deeply integrated ASEAN may still find it difficult to persuade the rest of East Asia on the merits of East Asian integration, given the very limited muscle of ASEAN in terms of its external trade and investments. Being a recipient rather than a donor of official development assistance ASEAN is handicapped in playing the role of champion in trade and investment liberalization. What ASEAN most realistically can do is to serve as the “hub for post offices” while major Asian countries seek to put aside differences in order to promote economic co-operation and integration. ASEAN has once missed the opportunity of playing the role of a champion of the ambitious regional integration of APEC. It should avoid committing the same mistake while endeavoring to promote an East Asian integration or even an Asia-wide integration.
#94 India-Central Asia Economic Relations: A Report of RIS/CII Seminar
#93 Asian Energy Outlook to 2020: Trends, Patterns and Imperatives of Regional Cooperation by Kokichi Ito, Zhidong and Ryoichi Komiyama
Abstract: With booming economic growth Asia will play increasingly important role in global economic and energy matters. World primary energy consumption is projected to expand at an average annual growth rate of 2.1 percent by 2020. About 70 percent of the increase would be accounted for by non-OECD member economies, two thirds of which are from the Asian region. The increase in demand for oil in Asia will most likely amplify the dependency on shipments from other regions (particularly the Middle East). Ensuring energy security would therefore turn out to be a vital task. In Asia (particularly East Asia), the achievement of the “three Es” (economic development, energy security, and environmental preservation) could no longer be viewed as a task to be addressed by each economy separately. Instead, it should be approached through region-wide cooperation - a goal of common interest.
#92 Regional Trade and Investment Architecture in Asia-Pacific: Emerging Trends and Imperatives by Tiziana Bonapace
Abstract: Regionalism has become a key component of the new international order. It offers to the governments of developed and developing countries a new and attractive complementary strategy to multilateralism. Most countries of the world today belong to one or more regional trading arrangements of some kind covering more than two-thirds of the trade conducted. The Asia Pacific region is no exception to this trend. This paper examines the evolving regional trading panorama in the Asia Pacific region with its recent surge in bilateralism and its implications for evolving a regional trade and investment architecture. It argues that by facilitating the development of a seamless, region-wide zone of trade and investment, the region will enhance its prospects for becoming world’s center of economic growth and prosperity by 2020.
#91 India-East Asia Integration: A Win-Win for Asia  by Mukul G. Asher and Rahul Sen
Abstract: This paper argues that India’s unilateral liberalization policies since the early 1990s, and purposeful and strategic pursual of its Look East Policy has resulted in considerably greater integration with the rest of Asia than is commonly realized or acknowledged. Moreover, the enabling conditions for greater economic integration among major Asian economies have been laid. If Asia is to increase its economic and political weight in the world affairs, India’s involvement would have to be an integral part of the Asia-wide cooperation. It is in this context that closer cooperation among Japan, ASEAN, South Korea, India, and China would provide considerable win-win opportunities and will have far ranging implications for the world.
#90 Strategic Relevance of Asian Economic Integration  by Eric Teo Chu Cheow
Abstract: As the spread of SARS had shown last year, the longer-term goal of an East Asian Community (ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea) may already be crystallizing much faster than was initially thought, thanks to increasing people-to-people contacts and the freer movement of goods, services, tourists and expatriates across the whole region. India appears poised to be joining this Asian movement too.
#89 China Role in the Asian Economic Unification Process  by Yao Chao Cheng
Abstract: The 21st century, as being said the world over, will belong to Asia. The regional economic cooperation in Asia is developing fast and well with the ASEAN as a center and with the positive participations of major Asian nations such as China, India and Japan. The cooperation has shown that the Asian economic unification is in process. We believe that the economic unification process shall result in an Asian economic community. The integrated cooperation is the best way for Asian nations to make common development and the "fault lines" as proposed in Samuel Huntington’s paradigm1 can be repaired and transcended in the unification process.
#88 Strategic Approach to Strengthening the International Competitiveness in Knowledge Based Industries: Electronics Industry  by K.J. Joseph
Abstract: It is generally understood that while the IT software and service sector in India recorded unprecedented growth rate in a sustained manner for more than a decade and established credibility in the international market, the hardware sector, both computer hardware and other electronics equipment and components, has shown a decelerating trend. At the same time, being a signatory to Information Technology Agreement of WTO, India is committed to reduce the tariff rates on a wide range of IT goods to zero level by 2005 leading to unprecedented import competition. Hence it is important that the industry equip itself to meet the import competition and enhance its export competitiveness. Against this background the present paper analyzed performance (both export and production) of electronics industry and comes out with the broad contours of a strategic approach towards promoting the international competitiveness of India’s electronics industry.
2004
#87 Regional Cooperation for Poverty Alleviation and Food Security in South Asia  by Sachin Chaturvedi
Abstract: This paper explores the various options available within the framework of regional cooperation for addressing issues like poverty alleviation and food security in the Asian region. This becomes important in context of Doha Development Agenda (DDA) which has called for linking up trade with poverty reduction efforts. The paper suggests joint marketing of various products from Asian developing countries for increasing the market profile, apart from collectively addressing issues like introduction of new technologies for enhancing productivity. The paper also addresses some of the policy constraints such as restricted market access, growing digital divide and emerging non-tariff barriers to be attended on a priority basis.
#86 Towards a Free Trade Area in South Asia: Charting A Feasible Course for Trade Liberalisation with Reference to India's Role  by Indra Nath Mukherji
Abstract: Four rounds of exchange of trade concessions have taken place under the South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA). Initiated since December 1995, negotiations under SAPTA have been based on Positive List approach. A large number of products have however been offered concessions exclusively to Least Developed Countries (LDCs). India has offered the largest number of concessions, particularly favouring LDCs with tariff preferences ranging from 50-100 percent. This paper examines the impact of tariff concessions on India’s preferential trade in the first three rounds of SAPTA negotiations in relation to its total bilateral trade with Bangladesh, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka covering the period 1996-97 to 2002-03. The hypothesis is that tariff cuts are expected to induce faster growth in India’s preferential trade in relation to its bilateral trade. The study reveals that owing to lack of proper targeting, low preferential margins, non-concern with a variety of non-tariff barriers, and the emergence of more ambitious Indo-Lanka Free Trade Agreement, the performance of India’s preferential trade under SAPTA has been lackluster. However, there are a few hopeful pointers. There has been relatively better targeting of trade preferences between India and Pakistan leading to increasing share in India’s preferential trade in recent years for products exchanged preferences in the Second Round. Bangladesh has been the main beneficiary of India’s offer of duty-free access to least developed countries on selected products under the Third Round and their immediate positive response in terms of increasing shares in India’s preferential imports is just beginning to be observed. The paper suggests a few modalities to meet the required prerequisites for a smooth transition from SAPTA to SAFTA. Experience from the operation of SAPTA suggests that mere tinkering with modest preferential margins, maintaining unduly long phase-out period to attain the goal of a free trade area without concern for deeper forms of integration such as removal of non-tariff barriers, investment cooperation and improvement in trade facilitation measures could make SAFTA largely irrelevant.
#85 Industrial Restructuring and Export Competitiveness of the Textiles and Clothing Sector in SAARC in the Context of MFA Phase-Out  by Ram Upendra Das
Abstract: Traditionally, the textiles and clothing industry has been considered as one of the relatively more labour-intensive manufacturing industries in which developing countries have had comparative advantage mainly on account of cheap labour. Through econometric explorations the present paper observes a situation characterized as factor intensity reversal in South Asian countries necessitated by structural transformation within the industry due to increasing use of their scarce factor. The paper argues that implementing such a change in the production process in these countries would not be easy, especially in the post-MFA regime and thus regional cooperation in this sector could be one of the ways of meeting the post-MFA challenges. In this context, the paper explores the prospects for horizontal specialization and industrial restructuring with the help of strengthening trade-investment linkages in this sector in the SAARC region along with adopting some other policy measures.
#84

India's Export by Countries and Commodities: On the Estimation of a Forecasting Model Using Panel Data  by Rajesh Mehta and Parul Mathur
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to develop a framework for forecasting of India’s annual exports at regular intervals, which would be carried out for principal trading partners and their principal commodities. Individual country/commodity analysis takes into account the country/commodity wise characteristics such as non-tariff barriers, language differences, locational/distance differences, preferential and other trading arrangements etc. Apart from the above mentioned country/commodity specific characteristics it may be due to the demand conditions, differences in the degree of the sensitiveness of prices, which cannot be captured at an aggregate level. The general framework of the econometric model for forecasting of India’s export by selected destinations and its selected commodities at the 6-digit HS classification level is developed in the first half of the paper. The econometric analysis of the framework rests on panel data. The primary factors taken to be influencing India’s exports at a disaggregated level are total imports of the destination country and relative prices reflecting the level of competitiveness of India’s exports in the destination country. The entire model constitutes of around 280 variables for the purpose of forecasting. For illustration purposes, the estimation of econometric sub-model for India’s export to USA is stated. There are 17 cross-sectional commodity codes with the time–series ranging from 1993-2001. The independent variables forecasting is performed using time-series models. The revised forecasts estimate for India’s export to USA stands at 8.85 per cent for 2003-04 with the base year of Mar02-Feb03.

#83 A Strategic Approach to Strengthening International Competitiveness in Knowledge Based Industries: Indian Chemical Industry by Vijay Kumar Kaul
Abstract: Indian chemical industry, traditionally insulated from rest of the world, of late has been exposed to global competition. The paper examines its coping strategies and sectoral innovation system: industry’s evolution, major characteristics, policy and institutional framework, and its competitive edge in the global chemical industry. It prescribes some policy guidelines both for the business enterprises and the policy makers. Enterprises need to develop a strategic intent, choose a right business model to operate, develop technological competence to innovate, and focus on economies of scale, quality and environmental norms. Further, it emphasizes the need for strengthening chemical innovation system, availability of institutional finance for modernization, exports and investment, rationalization of the tariffs on import of strategic inputs, and promoting knowledge and chemical parks
#82 A Strategic Approach to Strengthening International Competitiveness in Knowledge Based Industries: The Case of Indian Automotive Industry   by Neelam Singh
Abstract: This study examines the export performance and prospects of the Indian automotive industry. The technology factor being critical, the in-house, collaborative and sponsored R&D needs greater encouragement. We also recommend an early upgradation of testing facilities, and move towards uniform standards; establishment of auto compo zones/ parks, and window showcasing centers; the industry-government partnership in manpower training; institutional provision of export marketing information, market development funds and branding assistance; and FTAs with more prosperous regions. Fixed investment abroad should be promoted, say through tax credit, with a geographical focus and in a coordinated fashion for vehicle and auto component producers.
#81 A Strategic Approach to Strengthening International Competitiveness in Knowledge Based Industries: Non-electrical Machinery Industry by M. Padma Suresh
Abstract: This study examines some major issues regarding competitiveness in one of the medium-high technology industries namely non-electrical machinery industry. Besides a review of the evolution and structure of the industry, the growth performance of the component industries is examined at the three-digit ASI level. A detailed analysis of exports as well as imports at the four-digit ITC classification is undertaken to examine the impact of liberalisation on specific machinery categories. The study indicates the inward orientation of the industry. Low tariffs and liberal imports including imports of second hand machinery have affected some industries like textile machinery and machine tools. The study considers two specific issues that are important for establishing export competitiveness namely developing technological capability and FDI in the industry. A case study of machine tool industry is incorporated for a better understanding of these issues. The report concludes with suggestions for strengthening competitiveness in the industry.
#80

Strategic Approach to Strengthening the International Competitiveness in Knowledge Based Industries: The Indian Pharmaceutical Industry by Aradhna Aggarwal
Abstract: This paper identifies the factors that determine the export competitiveness of firms in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The analysis is based on the primary survey data as well as the PROWESS database. Our findings suggest that the competitiveness of firms depends not only on firm specific advantages but also on government fiscal incentives. Among the firm specific factors own R&D efforts emerged as one of the prime factors influencing export competitiveness. Technology imports on the other hand did not play a significant export-enhancing role. Brand promotion and lower costs were other important determinants of the export competitiveness. The study also finds that the determinants of export-competitiveness differ across firms of different size and ownership. High transaction and production costs are found to be major constraints faced by Indian exporters. Based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis, the study draws useful policy implications to strengthen the export competitiveness of the industry.

#79 Complementarities and Potentials of Intra-regional Transfers of Investments, Technology and Skills in Asia by Saikat Sinha Roy
Abstract: This paper examines complementarities in merchandise trade and potentials for intra-regional transfers of investments, technology and skills in Asia. The analysis shows that intra-regional trade was substantial and growing, but trade complementarities were limited. Asian countries have also emerged as sources of as well as destinations for investment, technology and skills. In the event of a formal regional integration arrangement in Asia, there is potential for intra-regional trade, investments, technology transfers and skill movements. Substantial gains in regional welfare are also expected.
#78 Towards Formation of Close Economic Cooperation among Asian Countries by S K Mohanty, Sanjib Pohit, and Saikat Sinha Roy
Abstract: There have been several attempts in the past for the formation of an Asian Economic Community (AEC) with a view to enhance continental welfare within stipulated timeframe. The formation of a Close Economic Relation (CER) among some of the vibrant economies of the region, particularly JACIK Member countries (ASEAN plus three plus one) would be of immense importance in attaining such a goal. Three alternative forms of comprehensive economic liberalisation schemes may be envisaged. In this paper an effort has been made to examine the implication of CER on the region using monopolistic version of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) for the JACIK countries. The model has been used to examine the implications of complete liberalisation of trade, investment and movement of natural persons. The results show that the proposed CER may enhance global welfare as well as welfare for individual countries in the caucus. Following formation of the proposed CER, the absolute increase in regional welfare may go beyond US$ 210 billion per annum amounting to more than 3 per cent of the region’s GNP. The implications of the CER on the regional economy would be favourable in improving production efficiency, expanding exports apart from increasing returns on capital and labour.
#77 Transaction Costs as Barriers to Economic Integration in Asia: An Empirical Exploration by Prabir De
Abstract: Recent literature has emphasized the importance of transaction costs and infrastructure in explaining trade, access to markets, and regional cooperation under globalization. For most Asian countries, transaction cost works as a strong barrier to trade integration than import tariff. By estimating a structural model of economic geography using cross-country data on income, infrastructure, transaction costs and trade of selected Asian economies, this paper provides evidence that transaction cost is statistically significant and important in explaining variation in trade in Asia. In addition, the study also finds that port efficiency and infrastructure quality are two important determinants of transaction costs.
#76
Transforming Digital Divide into Digital Dividend: The Role of South-South Cooperation in ICTs 
by  K.J Joseph
Abstract: This paper argues that the present approach, which aims at proliferating the use of ICTs in developing countries, by neglecting its production, is likely to perpetuate technological dependence of the South. Hence the e-strategies and policies in the South need to integrate both production and use. In this process much could be gained by South-South cooperation because, unlike the earlier general-purpose technologies, in case of ICTs substantial capabilities exist in the South. While there are certain initiatives at the regional and bilateral level to foster cooperation, the paper calls for an e-South Framework Agreement to facilitate a broad based approach to pool the resources such that economies of scale and scope are achieved and risks minimized.
#75 Transport Cooperation in BIMST-EC: Issues and Way Forward
by Prabir De
The growth of regional trading blocs has been one of the major developments in international relations in recent years; all countries are now members of at least one bloc and many belong to more than one. The major contributing factor to rising regional integration across many parts of the world has been improved integrated transport systems which has facilitated nesting of regional and/or sub-regional markets. This paper finds that the scale of intra-regional infrastructure disparity in BIMST-EC is quite significant resulting in wider scope for stronger economic interdependence in the region. The paper concludes that although at present there is limited interdependence among BIMST-EC members in terms of intra-regional trade, a stronger and desirable intra-regional trade is contingent upon improved transport network among BIMST-EC countries. This is not a difficult task as these countries not only belong to the same geographical rim but also they have a strong historical and cultural bond.
#74 WTO Market Access Negotiations and Indian Small Scale Industry
by Rajesh Mehta and Pooja Agarwal

A large section of Indian small-scale industrial sector had been protected from the plundering rivalry of the large-scale industries. The ongoing trade liberalization and globalization talks can put these industries in problem. The main aim of this paper is to assess the implications of present round of World Trade Organisation (WTO) negotiations on Indian products, which are for exclusive manufacture by small-scale sector. 

As a first step the analyses of the Uruguay round Commitments, Doha declaration and member countries’ proposals, with special emphasis on the developing countries taking India as the case study, has been conducted. Further the structure and levels of bindings, base rates from where negotiations would start and tariff incidence for the products reserved for the exclusive manufacture of Indian small-scale industries has been studied. Finally the likely post negotiations scenarios for Indian small-scale industries have been presented.

The study finds some interesting results. At present around 66 per cent items of Indian small-scale industry are bound, which is higher than all India level. India cannot a priori exclude any item from negotiation in the present round. Our preliminary results based on alternate scenarios proves that the WTO-NGMA formula would cause the 53 per cent reduction in the current bindings of the products reserved for the exclusive production of small-scale industry in India.

#73

ASEAN-India Economic Relations: Current Status and Future Prospects
by Rahul Sen, Mukul G. Asher and Ramkishen S. Rajan
Abstract: This paper analyzes recent trends in merchandise trade, services, investments, and manpower flows between India and ASEAN, and assesses future prospects for economic cooperation. Since India’s Look-East policy initiated in the early 1990s, there has been steady progress in economic cooperation and supporting institutional structures between India and ASEAN. There has also been a welcome diversification of India’s trade with ASEAN both in terms of the share of individual members in total trade, and goods and services being traded. The analysis in the paper is consistent with the view that India’s economic structure is largely complementary to ASEAN economies, and therefore there are significant opportunities for mutual gain. In Indian policy and business circles, ASEAN continues to be regarded as an economically important region. The paper however argues that a mindset change is needed among ASEAN policy makers and businesses before potential for mutual gains can be fully tapped. The paper concludes with specific suggestions for expanding cooperation between India and ASEAN countries.

#72 National Innovation Systems and India’s IT Capability:Are there any lessons for ASEAN Newcomers? 
by Nagesh Kumar and K J Joseph
Abstract: This paper traces the factors that have led to the build-up of substantial IT capability by India. It is shown that the National System of Innovation evolved overtime as an outcome of the policies initiated by the government, has been instrumental in facilitating India’s IT success. These included, but not limited to, development of a system of higher education in engineering and technical disciplines, creation of an institutional infrastructure for S&T policy making and implementation, building centres of excellence and numerous other institutions for technology development. In addition, the institutional interventions like the setting up of the software technology parks were highly helpful for IT exports. The paper then draws lessons from the Indian experience for the new members of ASEAN viz. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam in their attempt in harnessing the potential of ICTs. The paper argues that though the road ahead is long as well as rocky, much could be learned from India in to facilitate their leapfrogging. The paper also underscores the need for cooperating with India in developing their IT capabilities.
#71

Monetary Cooperation in South Asia: Potential and Prospects 
by Sweta Chaman Saxena and Mirza Allim Baig
Abstract: This paper examines the potential and prospects of monetary cooperation in South Asia. A close appraisal of optimum currency area criteria, macroeconomic convergence criteria, and geo-political factors suggests that there are huge potential and growing prospects for monetary cooperation in the region. The study recognizes that monetary cooperation is essential for growth and prosperity in the region, but a lot more needs to be done to achieve the goal of monetary and economic union. The paper suggests road map on the way to the full form of monetary cooperation in the region.

#70

India-ASEAN Cooperation in Information and Communication Technologies: Issues and Prospects by K.J. Joseph & Govindan Parayil
Abtract: Against the backdrop of India-ASEAN cooperation since the early 1990s, and the recent initiatives towards taking the partnership to new heights, the present paper examines India ASEAN cooperation in IT during the recent past and highlights the prospects for the future. It has been argued that India-ASEAN cooperation could be instrumental in addressing the ASEAN divide – the development gap between old and new ASEAN countries. For India, it could help diversifying its software export markets on the one hand and facilitate reviving its lagging hardware sector. Also, an exploitation of the synergies between India’s software capability and the hardware capability of old ASEAN could facilitate enhancing the IT capability in Asia as a whole – a prerequisite for making 21st century Asia’s century. While, a good beginning has been made at the instance of Governments and private sector, the paper calls for hastening the process and highlights certain specific areas for focused actions.

#69

Issues Related to India’s Energy Trading with Central Asian Countries  
by Barnali Nag
Abstract: India, with its rapidly increasing energy demand and stagnating domestic oil reserves offers a large potential market for the oil and gas reserves of the Central Asian countries. This paper discusses the various issues, which need to be resolved before India can venture into any long-term energy import agreement with the countries of Central Asia. These include factors related to geopolitical stability, geographical inaccessibility and underdeveloped international as well as domestic gas markets. Additionally, detailed cost benefit comparison of transportation routes is required along with evaluation of transportation options of oil and gas through pipelines vis-à-vis road.

#68

Biotechnology in South Asia: Issues, Concerns and Opportunities
by Sachin Chaturvedi
The biotechnology is being seen as a major force for economic development in South Asia, despite the fact that there is a strong limitation of funding, infrastructural facilities and experienced manpower. This paper identifies some of these key issues in South Asia in light of the national strategies adopted by various member countries and also attempts to identify the contribution of international agencies in advancement of biotechnology in South Asia.

#67

Environment Issues in Free Trade Agreements in Asia and the Post-Cancun Challenges: Issues and Policy Options  
by Sachin Chaturvedi
In international trade, consideration of environmental issues is no more a matter of choice. The linkage is also widely being recognized at the normative level as well. There are several economic studies, which acknowledge the possibility of adverse impact of trade liberalization on environment. This discussion paper looks into some of the broad issues. Section II of the paper attempts to bring out intentions and contents of Cancun Ministerial Draft while Section III puts together trade and environment issues from the point of view of developing countries. Section IV gives an overview of FTAs, particularly in Asia and its linkage with environmental issues, and the necessary conclusions are drawn in the last section.

2003
#66

How Do Infrastructure Facilities Affect Regional Income? An Investigation with South Asian Countries
by Prabir De and Buddhadeb Ghosh
This paper tries to find out the role played by infrastructure facilities in economic development across South Asian countries over the last quarter century. The findings are statistically very significant to warrant major changes in future regional policies in order to remove rising regional disparities in both infrastructure and income. This also has a strong bearing on the success of poverty removal policies as the poor are regionally concentrated in such diverse and heterogeneous region of the world.

#65

Liberalization, Foreign Direct Investment Flows and Economic Development: The Indian Experience in the 1990s
by Nagesh Kumar
This paper reviews the Indian experience with FDI since the 1991in a comparative East Asian perspective. The structure of the paper is as follows: Section 2 summarizes the evolution of Indian government’s policy towards FDI. Section 3 examines the trends and patterns in FDI inflows in the 1990s. It also comments on the determinants of FDI inflows in India. Section 4 examines the impact of FDI in terms of various parameters of development. Section 5 discusses the emerging trends in the MNE activities in knowledge-based industries in India, viz. IT software and global R&D activities. Section 6 concludes the paper with some remarks on policy lessons.

#64

India’s Monetary Integration with East Asia: A Feasibility Study
by Sweta Chaman Saxena
This paper examines the relevance of India’s monetary integration with East and Southeast Asia in particular the existence of the economic criteria for a common currency. The analysis in this paper shows that significant complementarities in trade exist among these countries, most of them experience similar shocks and labour mobility is already present. These results point to the fact that the cost of adopting a single currency may be minimal, while huge benefits could accrue from enhanced trade. The paper also recognizes the importance of yen for the success of the monetary union in Asia.

#63

Rise of Service Sector Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Indian Economy: Trends, Patterns, and Determinants
by Jaya Prakash Pradhan
The rise of service sector outward FDI (O-FDI) activities has emerged as one of the most important aspects of Indian economy during nineties. The present paper reviews the recent trends and patterns and tries to identify determinants of such investment.

#62

Short-term Forecasting of India's Export: Developing a Framework by Countries and Commodities
by Rajesh Mehta and Parul Mathur
The existing country-wise models have not given due attention to the trade sector since most of them have been built keeping in view specific objectives, and a systematic effort is still required for building a short-term econometric forecasting model for India’s export sector. It is with this view that this paper intends to fill one of the gaps in the existing macro-econometric models for the trade sector. The main objective of this paper is to develop a framework for forecasting of India’s annual exports at regular intervals, which would be carried out for principal trading partners and their principal commodities.

#61

"Evolving a National System of Biotechnology Innovation Some Evidence from Singapore"
by Sachin Chaturvedi
This paper attempts to look into the dynamics of National System of Biotechnology Innovation (NSBI) in the wider framework of its role in the economic development. The evidence from Singapore shows that sectoral approach in NSBI may help developing countries in finding a niche for growth instead of broadening the area of investment within biotechnology.

#60

"Ecosystemic Multifunctionality" -- A Proposal for Special and Differentiated Treatment for Developing Country Agriculture in the Doha Round of Negotiations
by A. Damodaran

#59 WTO Non-Agriculture Market Access Modalities A Case Study of Impact on A Developing Country
by Rajesh Mehta and Pooja Agarwal
Section I of this study gives a background of the negotiations with a review of Doha mandate on market access of non-agriculture products. Section II presents the current position of modalities for negotiations. Section III contains the implications of these negotiations on Indian industrial tariffs and Section IV concludes the entire scenario.
#58

Implementation Issues in SPS: A Developing Country Perspective for Development Agenda on the Meandering Pathways from Doha to Cancun
by Rajesh Mehta and J. George
The agenda for developing countries should address both the procedural and substantive issues of SPS agreement per se. At the same time, it has also been observed how other qualitative dimensions of cross cutting themes like the processing techniques, etc. gets crafted on the SPS platform for denying access to the markets. Thus a three-pronged strategy in a regional cooperation framework requires to be explored.

#57

WTO Negotiations Towards Cancun: Implication on Indian paper and newsprint Industry
by Rajesh Mehta and Pooja Agarwal
This paper attempts to analyze the implications of market access negotiations on the Indian paper industry. In this paper discussion concentrates on the impact of tariff measures alone. Section II briefly outlines the meaning of market access for non-agriculture products in the WTO because the paper industry falls under nonagricultural sector. Section III outlines the current state of Indian paper industry in the international nomenclature. Section IV comes up with the possible outcome of recent negotiations on this industry. Concluding remarks are contained in Section V.

#56

Investment on the WTO Agenda: A Developing Country Perspective and the Way Forward for the Cancun Ministerial Conference
by Nagesh Kumar
This paper examines the relevance of a multilateral framework on investment from a developing country perspective in the light of the evidence available on the role of FDI in development. It also suggests the policy options that developing countries may consider at the Cancun Ministerial Conference on the issue of Trade and Investment. It also reflects on the approaches to make different elements of a possible multilateral framework on investment more pro-development and balanced, in case a negotiating mandate is unavoidable at the Cancun.

#55

Economic Cooperation between India and Egypt
by Abdel Hamid Saba Elregal
(Ministry of Foreign Trade Arab Republic of Egypt)
The focus of this paper is analyzing constraints and prospects for greater economic cooperation between Egypt and India. Section I provides a brief economic profiles of Egypt and India. Indo-Egypt bilateral economic relations are analyzed in Section II. Potentials for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) has been taken up as a special theme of analysis in Section III. Some of the constraints coming the way of Indo-Egypt cooperation are highlighted in Section IV. Section V puts forth some of the policy recommendations to strengthen economic cooperation efforts between India and Egypt.

#54

Nepal-India Bilateral Trade Relations Problems and Prospects
by Gyanu Raja Shrestha
(Ministry of Finance, Nepal)
This study mainly concentrates on the trade relationship between Nepal and India. The objectives of the study are to review of Indo-Nepal trade relations, provide an overview of trade treaties held between Nepal and India, analyze foreign trade direction of Nepal; analyze the impact of Indo-Nepal Trade Treaty 1996, in particular, in improving trade relation between the two countries, and identify the scope and areas of improvement in Indo-Nepal trade relations.

#53

Economic Cooperation between India and Central Asian Republics with Special Reference to Uzbekistan
by Abdurahim Okunov Abduraxmonovich
(University of World Economy and Diplomacy Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Uzbekistan), 2003
The issue of economic cooperation between India and Central Asia and Uzbekistan, in particular, is the focus of this study. Section I analyzes economic development of Uzbekistan and India. Section II profiles briefly the economic performance of Central Asian countries. Indo-Uzbek bilateral economic relations are analyzed in Section III. A special emphasis is placed in Section IV on identifying constraints in cooperation. Finally, in Section V some policy recommendations have been made for intensifying economic cooperation between India and Uzbekistan.

#52

Performance Requirements as Tools of Development Policy: Lessons from Experiences of Developed and Developing Countries for the WTO Agenda on Trade and Investment
by Nagesh Kumar
This paper reviews the experiences of developed and developing countries to draw implications for the current debate on the relevance of performance requirements (PRs). It summarizes the evidence on use of PRs in developed countries, reviews theoretical, cross-country and case evidence on effectiveness of PRs in meeting their stated policy objectives in developing countries.

#51

India and the Asian Economic Community
by Mukul G. Asher and Sadhna Srivastava
There is increasing recognition that even as Asian countries engage in competition, Asia-wide communication and dialogue, constructive co-operation, and institution building through JACIK (or similar forum) provide much sounder base for securing Asia’s future and its rightful place in the world community than the current sub-regional efforts. There is therefore urgency in establishing an Asia-wide forum such as JACIK. Given India’s gradual emergence as a knowledge-based economy and the existence of wide-ranging complementarities with other JACIK countries, India is poised to play an important role in the proposed new Asian Economic Community.

#50

ASEAN's Contribution to the Building of an Asian Economic Community
by K. Kesavapany
Currently, ASEAN holds separate annual summit meetings with China, Japan and Korea within the ASEAN+3 framework, and will also be holding similar meetings with India. In the context of an Asian Economic Community, ASEAN thus could serve as a vital link between India and the East Asian economies. Hopefully, this could lead to the establishment of an ASEAN+4 framework. Such a framework would enable North and Southeast Asia to interact more effectively with India.

#49

A Road to Common Prosperity-- Examination of An FTA between India and China
by Li Wei
In this paper the authors makes a strong plea for a bilateral FTA between India and China.

#48

Regional Trade Liberalization under SAPTA and India's Trade Linkages with South Asia: An Empirical Assessment
by S K Mohanty
In order to examine the efficacy of various rounds of SAPTA, the study attempts to link the contents in the regional PTA with other trade related issues and throw light on the prospects of trade liberalisation in the region.

#47

Towards an Economic Community: Exploring the Past
by Vineeta Shanker
The paper sketches the historical roots of the Asian community. It shows that these historical ties run deep and can be traced back to the pre-Christian Era. It brings out the close economic links that bound the region into a highly developed, complex and flourishing network of regional trade. It also highlights the importance of these regional economic relations not only in the growth and prosperity of the region but also as the very basis of the expanding long distance trade. Interaction among the Asian countries was not limited to the economic but went beyond to include social, political, cultural and religious aspects.

#46

Towards a Multipolar World of International Finance
by Ramgopal Agarwala and Gauri Modwel
The domestic policy reforms proposals have to be seen in the political economy context of the benefits accruing to the leader under the current unipolar international financial system. The only viable alternative to the countries adversely affected by the unipolar financial world is to reduce their dependence on the current international system and develop their own regional financial architecture. Europe has made a good beginning in that direction. Asia should now follow suit.

#45

Possibility of Close Economic Cooperation between India and Singapore
by S K Mohanty
This paper shows that the two countries have high degree of economic potentials to complement each other for mutual benefit. The close economic cooperation should not be extended only up to Free Trade Area, but should encompass more strategic economic areas for cooperation such as investment, joint production and marketing, and cooperation in trade in services

#44

Determinants of Outward Foreign Direct Investment From A Developing Country: the Case of Indian Manufacturing Firms
by Nagesh Kumar and Jaya Prakash Pradhan
In this paper, an empirical model of outward foreign direct investment (O-FDI) behaviour has been developed to identify the factors influencing the decision of Indian manufacturing firms to engage in foreign value-added activities. Findings suggest that firms’ own technological strength is an important source of monopolistic advantage for overseas ventures. The change in policy regime in 1991 from an inward-looking strategy to an outward-looking one has had a favorable impact on the O-FDI behaviour of Indian manufacturing firms.

#43

Export Competitiveness in the Knowledge-Based Industries: A Firm-Level Analysis of Indian Manufacturing
by Nagesh Kumar and Jaya Prakash Pradhan
This paper makes an attempt to identify factors that play important role in the export competitiveness of Indian manufacturing firms with particular emphasis on knowledge-based industries. The study finds that younger firms drive export competitiveness in the high technology and low technology sub-samples of Indian manufacturing whereas in the medium technology older firms are drivers of global competitiveness. Firm size is observed to have a non-linear impact on export performance largely represented by an inverted U-shape curve. It is also found that the firm’s own innovative activity is by far the most important technological factor contributing to enhance competitiveness whereas the import of foreign technology through technology contracts found to have detrimental effects on the export competitiveness in high technology and medium-high technology segments of Indian manufacturing.

#42

Export Performance of Indian Enterprises in Knowledge-Based Industries: Recent Trends, Patterns and Implications
by Nagesh Kumar and Jaya Prakash Pradhan
This paper discusses that achieving higher export competitiveness in the high technology industries is becoming the focus of policy attention in both developed and developing countries, as these industries are by nature higher value-added, fastest growing segment of global market and generate substantial inter-industry and intra-industry knowledge spillovers vital for economic growth.

#41

Economic Co-operation Between India and Singapore: A Feasibility Study
by Rajesh Mehta
The paper examines the scope, extent and focus of a possible free trade agreement between India and Singapore. Section I gives an overview of the Singapore economy. A brief outline of Singapore trade policy regime is presented in Section II. Further sections of the paper deals with: measures affecting Singapore imports; Singapore’s trade; Indo-Singapore trade relations; foreign direct investment flows; electronic industry; information technology; and some select issues economic cooperation between India and Singapore.

#40
Liberalization, Firm Size and R&D Performance: A Firm Level Study of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
by Jaya Prakash Pradhan
The paper attempts to empirically verify the impact of economic liberalization on the R&D behaviour of Indian pharmaceutical firms controlling for the effects of several firm specific characteristics including firm size. The study suggests several policy measures to further indigenous technological efforts of pharmaceutical firms, which include, removing obstacles that inhibit outward orientation of firms, providing special scheme for small size firms in the overall technology policy for the industry, intensifying collaborative research efforts between private sectors and government research institution among others.
#39

Addressing Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement: A Case Study of Select Processed Food Products in India
by Rajesh Mehta, M. Saqib and J. George
The paper attempts to get to the ground realities prevailing in India as far as the application of SPS measures is concerned. After detailed introduction, Section II of the study takes a quick overview of the salient features of the agro food exports and the food processing industry in India. Section III provides an examination of impact of SPS in destination markets, especially an analysis of the available rudimentary detention information. In Section IV, case studies of select processed foods and agro products are presented in order to assess the width of the Spectrum of influence consequent to SPS measures implementation. The paper ends with concluding observations that are contained in Section V.

2002
#38

Analysis of Environment related Non-Tariff Measures in the European Union Implications for South Asian Exports
by S.K. Mohanty and T.R. Manoharan
The main objectives of this study are: (i) to examine the coverage of the environment related to non-tariff measures (NTMs) in different product groups of the EU’s imports, and the role of other NTMs in limiting the market access of developing countries, (ii) to analyze the structure of ad valorem tariff and specific tariff in different product categories of the EU, and (iii) to examine the linkages between TBs and NTMs in protecting the EU market and its implication on the export prospects of South Asian countries.

#37

The Determinants of India's Exports: A Simultaneous Error-Coorection Approach
by Saikat Sinha Roy
This paper attempts an analysis of changing India’s export behaviour during 1960/61 to 1999/2000. Broadly, there are two sharply divided views on the India’s export behaviour. While the predominant view stresses the importance of supply and policy related constraints, other studies find the significance of world demand in the determination of exports. Most econometric studies find relative price factor, real effective exchange rate in particular, to be significant. The emergence of various export sectors over the period of time does not lend support to the observation that only relative prices play an important role, but highlights the importance of various demand and supply factors at the sectoral level. Individual demand and supply factors can be found to be important for specific short periods, but their confluence very likely determine a long run behaviour. The demand-supply model of export determination, which is based on Goldstein and Khan (1978), is estimated using error-correction method. The study establishes the importance of demand factors such as world demand and real effective exchange rates in the determination of India’s exports as against the relatively weak relevance of supply side determinants. The findings are a definite improvement over the existing studies on India’s exports.

#36

WTO and Product related Environmental Standards: Emerging Issues and Policy Options before India
by Sachin Chaturvedi and Gunjan Nagpal
The issues of environmental regulation and international competitiveness revolve around the question of harmonization of standards and it is generally observed that competitive deregulation could lead to downward harmonization of environmental standards. In the context of WTO, the nature of linkage between trade performance and environmental measures has become a major concern for the developing countries. An added dimension to this debate pertains to the national technical regulations and standards pertaining to environment. These environmental standards, often resorted to by developed countries, are seen as non-tariff barriers against Southern trade. This paper aims at examining these emerging issues in the Indian context.

#35

India, the European Union and Geographical Indications (GI): Convergence of Interests and Challenges Ahead
by Sachin Chaturvedi
This paper attempts to look into the various issues involved in the debate on geographical indications in the background of EU-India cooperation. While Section II deals with the conceptual aspects of GI and explains India’s stand, Section III looks into the on-going debates in the TRIPs council and their wider trade implications. The Section IV summarizes the various EU initiatives in this regard while the last section draws the broad conclusions.

#34
Towards an Asian Economic Community: The Relevance of India
by Nagesh Kumar
#33 Towards an Asian Economic Community: Monetary and Financial Cooperation
by Ramgopal Agarwala
#32 Towards an Asian Economic Community--Vision of Closer Economic Cooperation in Asia: An Overview
by Nagesh Kumar
#31 WTO and Indian Poultry Sector: Lessons from State Support Measures in Select Countries
by Rajesh Mehta
#30 Measuring Developments in Biotechnology:International Initiatives, Status in India and Agenda before Developing Countries
by Sachin Chaturvedi
#29 Persistence in India's Manufactured Export Performance
by Saikat Sinha Roy
#28 Status and Development of Biotechnology in India: An Analytical Overview
by Sachin Chaturvedi
#27 Foreign Direct Investment, Externalities and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Some Empirical Explorations and Implications for WTO Negotiations on Investment
by Nagesh Kumar and Jaya Prakash Pradhan
#26 Infrastructure Availability, Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Their Export-orientation: A Cross-Country Exploration
by Nagesh Kumar
#25 Intellectual Property Rights, Technology and Economic Development: Experiences of Asian Countries
by Nagesh Kumar
#24 Potential of India's Bilateral Free Trade Arrangements: A Case Study of India and Thailand
by Rajesh Mehta
#23 Establishment of Free Trade Arrangement Among BIMST-EC Countries: Some Issues
by Rajesh Mehta
2001
#22 Product Standards and Trade in Environmentally Sensitive Goods: A Study of South Asian Experience
by Sachin Chaturvedi and Gunjan Nagpal
#21 Perceptions on the Adoption of Biotechnology in India
by Biswajit Dhar
#20 Implementation of Article X of the Biological Weapons Convention in a Regime of Strengthened Intellectual Property Protection
by Biswajit Dhar
#19 Indian Software Industry Development in International and National Development Perspective
by Nagesh Kumar
#18 Review of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture: The Current State of Negotiation
by Biswajit Dhar and Sudeshna Dey
#17 The Public-Private Debate in Agricultural Biotechnology and New Trends in the IPR Regime: Challenges before Developing Countries
by Sachin Chaturvedi 
#16 India-ASEAN Economic Cooperation with Special Reference to Lao PDR-India Economic Relations
by Thatsaphone Noraseng
#15 India-Central Asian Republics Economic Cooperation with Special Reference to Kazakhstan; India Economic Relations
by N. Makhanov
#14 WTO’s Emerging Investment Regime and Developing Countries: The Way Forward for TRIMs Review and the Doha Ministerial Meeting
by Nagesh Kumar
#13 Post-Reforms Export Growth in India: An Exploratory Analysis
by Saikat Sinha Roy
#12 Indo-Japanese Trade: Recent Trends
by Rajesh Mehta
#11 Alternate Forms of Trading Arrangements in Indian Ocean Basin: Implication for India from IOR-ARC
by Rajesh Mehta and S.K. Mohanty
#10 India’s Trade in 2020: A Mapping of Relevant Factors
by Nagesh Kumar
#09 Market Access for Industrial Sector in WTO Negotiations An Agenda for Developing Countries
by Rajesh Mehta
#08 China as # 1: Threat or Opportunity?
by Ramgopal Agarwala
2000
#07 Liberalization Outward Orientation and In-house R&D Activity of Multinational and Local Firms: A Quantitative Exploration for Indian Manufacturing
by Nagesh Kumar and Aradhana Agarwal
#06 Explaining the Geography and Depth of International Production: The Case of US and Japanese Multinational Enterprises
by Nagesh Kumar
#05 Multinational Enterprises and M&As in India: Patterns and Implications
by Nagesh Kumar
#04 Natural Resource Accounting: Economic Valuation of Intangible Benefits of Forests
by T.R. Manoharan
#03 Trade and Environment Linkages: A Review of Conceptual and Policy Issues
by T.R. Manoharan, Beena Pandey and Zafar Dad Khan
#02 WTO Regime, Host Country Policies and Global Patterns of Multinational Enterprises’ Activity: Implications of Recent Quantitative Studies for India
by Nagesh Kumar
#01 World Trade Organisation and India – Challenges and Perspectives
by V.R. Panchamukhi
Occasional Papers
Available only in hard copy.  To order please click dgoffice@ris.org.in 
#66 Capital Inflows and Effects of Market-Driven Investments: A Focus on Southeast Asian Crisis
by Biswajit Dhar, Murali Kallummal
, 2002.
#65 Status of Biotechnology in Singapore
by Sachin Chaturvedi
, 2002.
#64 Implementation of the Agreement on Agriculture: Issues and Options
by Biswajit Dhar, Sudeshna Dey
, 2002.
#63 WTO, Liberalisation and Industrial Sector - The Case of Market Access
by Rajesh Mehta, 2001. 
#62 Foreign Direct Investment, Regional Economic Integration and Industrial Restructuring in Asia: Trends, Patterns and Prospoects
by Nagesh Kumar, 2001.
#61 An Alternative to Investment Promotion in Developing Countries: A Case Study of India Primary Market
by Murali K., 2001.
#60 The Non-Trade Concerns in the Agreement on Agriculture
by Biswajit Dhar, 2001.
#59 A Framework of Cooperation in Conservation of Biodiversity in South Asia: Profile of Issues and Challenges
by Sachin Chaturvedi and K.P.S.Chauhan, 2001.
#58 Dumping and Anti-Dumping Measures - Policy and Practice
by J.K. Bagchi, 1999.
#57 Integrated Programme of Action in SAARC: Genesis, Evaluation, Constraints and Rationale for Revamping
by Mahendra P. Lama, 1999.
#56 Multinational Enterprises, Overseas R&D Activity and Global Technological Order
by Nagesh Kumar, 1998.
#55 Egyptian Approaches to Neo-Regionalism and Their Asian Implications
by Mohammad EL-Sayed Selim, 1998.
#54 Economic Liberalisation in South Asia Performance and Prospects
by Ric Shand, 1998.
#53 Economic Development in Sri Lanka during the 50 Years of Independence: What Went Wrong?
by Saman Kelegama, 1998.
#52 Multilateral Regime for Foreign Investment: An Assessment of the Emerging Trends
by Biswajit Dhar & Sachin Chaturvedi, 1997.
#51 Globalisation, Competition and Economic Stability
by V.R. Panchamukhi, 1997.
#50 Singapore's Foreign Direct Investment in Indochina & Myanmar: Opportunities & Challenges
by Joseph L.H. Tan, 1997.
#49 Mobilization of Domestic Financial Resources for Development: The Asian Experience
by Azizul Islam, 1996. 
#48 The Uruguay Round Agreement - A Critical Appraisal
by Biswajit Dhar, 1995.
#47 Regional Integration and Development: Panacea or Pitfalls?
by Percy S. Mistry, 1995.
#46 How East Asia Grew So Fast? Slow Progress Towards an Analytical Consensus
by Ajit Singh, 1995.
#45 Developing Countries in the International Division of Labour in Design Engineering and Construction Services: The Case of India
by Nagesh Kumar and Sundeep Waslekar, 1994.
#44 Recent Developments, in Trade Theory and Practice
by V. R Panchamukhi, 1994.
#43 External Debt Crisis of Developing Countries: Its Emergence and Prospects
by Biswajit Dhar, 1993.
#42 Single European Market and India’s Trade: A Macroeconometric Analysis
by Rajesh Mehta, 1993.
#41 India and ASEAN: Issues in Sectoral Dialogue Partnership
by V.L. Rao and R. Upendra Das, 1993.
#40 Resource Mobilisation for South Asian Development: Role and Rationale of Substantial International Transfers
by Kalyan M. Raipuria and Purnima M. Gupta, 1993.
#39 Credibility Waves and the Stock Markets
by V.L. Rao 1993.
#38 Response of Indian Firms to the Challenges of the Single European Market
by Sundeep Waslekar, 1993.
#37 Single European Market, Multinationals and Industrial Reorganisation: Implications for Developing Countries
by Nagesh Kumar, 1992.
#36 Exchange Rates and Underdevelopment: Observations on the ‘Realistic’ Devaluation Debate
by Jumanne Hamisi Wagao, 1992.
#35 National Sovereignty, External Dependence and the Government of Bangladesh
by Rehman Sobhan, 1992.
#34 Inflation in Asia: A Quantitative Analysis
by V. R. Panchamukhi and V.L. Rao, 1992.
#33 Sub-Regional Industrial Projects in Africa: A Review of the Western Experience
by Samuel Agonda Ochola, 1991.
#32 Macroeconomics and Trade Linkages in SAARC: An Econometric Model for India
by V.R. Panchamukhi and Rajesh Mehta, 1990.
#31 Lessons of the Negotiating Experience of Developing Countries in Selected International Economic Negotiations - An Analytical Framework
by Godfrey Gunatilleke and S. R. Breckenridge, 1990.
#30 Aid in the 1990’s with Special Reference to the World Bank and IDA
by J.L. Bajaj and V.R. Panchamukhi, 1990.
#29 Resources, Employment and Development Financing: Producing without Destroying - The Case of Brazil
by lgnacy Sachs, 1989.
#28 Non-Project Lending by the World Bank- Its Evolution from Programme to Policy Based Lending
by M. Narasimham, 1989.
#27 Structural Adjustment Lending - A Preliminary Analysis, Policy Based Lending of the World Bank by Dragoslav Avramovic, 1989.
#26 Trade Liberalisation, The Tariff Foreign Price Paradox
by Rajesh Mehta and R. G. Nambiar, 1989.
#25 Growth, Trade and Structural Changes in the Asian Region
by V.R. Panchamukhi, 1989.
#24 Determinants of Traditional and New Forms of Foreign Investments: The Case of Indian Manufacturing
by Nagesh Kumar, 1989.
#23 Perferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States: Some Observations
by K. Rajeswaran, 1988.
#22 Regional and Sub-Regional Integration in Africa: Perspectives, Problematiques and Prospects
by Bingu Wa Mutharika, 1987.
#21 Economic Integration as a Pre-Requisite of Industrial Development: The Latin American Experience
by Felipe Herrera, 1987.
#20 World Trade Prospects
by Sidney Weintraub, 1987.
#19 Twenty Five Years of the Inter-American Development Bank
by Felipe Herrera, 1987.
#18 Development Dialogue in the 1980s and Beyond
by Sukhamoy Chakravarty, 1987.
#17 On the Reforms of the International Trading System
by Vijay Laxman Kelkar, 1987.
#16 The Functioning of the International Monetary System - A Critique of the Perspective of the Industrial Countries
by Arjun Sen Gupta, 1987.
#15 Agricultural Surpluses, Variable Land and Long-run Growth in an Open Dual Economy
by Ramesh C. Kumar, 1987.
#14 Economic Growth and the Terms of Trade of Primary Product Exporter - A Dynamic Analysis
by Ramesh C. Kumar, 1987.
#13 A Social Development Planning Model
by Syed Othamn Alhabshi and M.G. Kanbur, 1986.
#12 Developing Country Debts in the Mid - 1980s — Facts, Theory and Policy
by Dragoslav Avramovic, 1986.
#11 The Asian Clearing Union - Towards Monetary Cooperation
by B.K. Madan, 1986.
#10 Adjustment: To What End ?
by S. Guhan, 1986.
#09 The Bangkok Agreement — An Evaluation of Preferential Trading Arrangement in the ESCAP Region
by Indra Nath Mukherji, 1986.
#08 Industrial Cooperation among Developing Countries and the Role of UNIDO — Present and Future Perspectives
by S. Nanjundan, 1986.
#07 South-South Economic Cooperation - Some Issues in the Field of Trade and Finance
UNCTAD Secretariat, 1986.
#06 The Inequity of the International Economic Order: Some Explanation and Policy Implications
by Raj Krishna, 1985.
#05 Industrialisation, Foreign Capital and Technology Transfer - Mexican Experience 1930-1985
by Miguel Wionczek, 1985.
#04 New Perspectives in North-South and South-South Economic Relations, 1985.
#03 The World Crisis: How to Serve the Interest of the South?
by Jan Tinbergen, 1984.
#02 Transfer of Resources to Developing Countries - Nature and Direction of Reform in the International Financial System
by M. Narasimham, 1984.
#01a Trade and Development : Some Basic Issues
by Sukhamoy Chakravarty, 1984. (RIS Reprint Series No.1).
#01 The International Monetary System - Its Shortcomings and Inequities in Relation to Developing Countries
by M. Narasimham, 1984.