Health security threats are intensifying across the Global South at a time when digital transformation is advancing unevenly across health systems. Global assessments continue to highlight persistent preparedness gaps and fragmented surveillance capacities (Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, 2021; World Health Organization [WHO], 2023a). Although numerous digital initiatives, ranging from surveillance platforms to AI-enabled analytics, have demonstrated promise, systemic integration, interoperability, governance clarity, and sustained financing remain limited.