Abstract: The notion of bioeconomy has been gaining traction within the global policy discourse on sustainable development and climate change in the 21st century. Essentially referring to an economic production model based on sustainable use and conservation of biological resources, the activities in a bioeconomy are propelled forward by advances in fields including modern biotechnology and Synthetic Biology.

There are both opportunities and challenges for India and Russia in the present era as they seek to emerge as global knowledge economies. During the next two decades, the scientific ministries and agencies of both countries can strategically leverage collaborative advantage by building selected alliances and partnerships capable of delivering tangible outcomes.