Abstract: The Marrakesh Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization (WTO) identifies the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development in its preamble. The WTO agreements have addressed environmental concerns primarily through exceptions. In contrast, contemporary free trade agreements (FTAs) increasingly incorporate detailed provisions on environment, labour, gender, and sustainable development, while unilateral climate-related trade measures such as carbon border adjustment mechanisms are gaining prominence. In this context, this paper examines the evolving trade-sustainability discussions within the WTO, FTAs, and emerging plurilateral initiatives, including the Trade and Environmental Sustainability Structured Discussions (TESSD), the dialogue on plastics pollution, and fossil fuel subsidy reform. It analyses India’s approach, which places technology transfer, access to environmentally sound technologies and equity at the heart of the WTO’s trade and environment discussions. As a way forward, the paper highlights the need for India to strengthen coalitions with developing countries and reinvigorate discussions within multilateral WTO forums to shape the emerging agenda.